Sure, I can help you understand abstraction in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

Abstraction is an important concept in OOP that allows you to focus on the essential features of an object rather than the details. It is the process of hiding complexity while showing only necessary details to the user.

In OOP, you can create an abstract class to represent common characteristics of a group of objects. An abstract class cannot be instantiated, but it can be inherited by sub-classes. It serves as a blueprint for other classes which can then define their own specific behaviors. Abstract classes can have abstract methods which provides a template for the sub-classes methods implementation.

For example, imagine we want to create a game with different types of characters. We can create an abstract class called “Character” that includes basic characteristics of all the characters. Each type of character (e.g. warrior, mage, archer) can inherit the “Character” class and define their own specific behaviors and methods.

Here’s an example of an abstract class in Python:

python
 
 
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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Character(ABC):
    def __init__(self, name, health):
        self.name = name
        self.health = health

    @abstractmethod
    def attack(self, target):
        pass

In this example, we are creating an abstract class “Character” which has a constructor for initializing a character's name and health. We then define an abstract method “attack” which doesn't have an implementation and must be defined in each sub-class.

I hope this helps you understand the concept of abstraction in OOP. Let me know if you have any more questions or need further explanation!

In object oriented programming, classes and interfaces are two separate and distinct concepts. A class provides structure to create objects that have methods and attributes, while an interface is an abstract class that enables a class to adhere to a certain protocol.

Classes are used to store data and implement the logic related to the data. Classes can contain variables and methods, or functions that specify how a given data type behaves.

An interface is like a template which defines a group of related methods with empty bodies. The implementation of the methods is provided by the class that implements the interface. Interfaces are used to enforce a certain behavior in the class that implements it, as all methods defined by an interface must be implemented in the class.

Also, while a class can extend only one class, it can implement multiple interfaces. This is useful when unrelated classes need to share the same behavior.

Polymorphism is a concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) where an object can take on multiple forms. In other words, the same object can behave differently depending on the context in which it is used. For example, a Vehicle type in OOP can be a Car, a Motorcycle or a Bicycle, depending on which is being referenced. In Java, this is achieved by making a parent object (e.g. Vehicle) with common attributes and methods, and then having sub-types that inherit from the parent object and add specific attributes and methods (e.g. Car, Motorcycle and Bicycle).

In Java, Polymorphism is implemented through the use of Abstract Classes and Interfaces. Abstract Classes give the superclass the ability to define methods that all the subclasses will inherit. Interfaces on the other hand specify the type of objects that can be used by other classes, and provide a set of methods that all classes sharing the interface will have to implement.

Here is an example in Java of how polymorphism can be used:

java
 
 
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public abstract class Vehicle { 
  // Attributes and Methods common to all Vehicles 
} 

public class Car extends Vehicle { 
  // Unique attributes and methods applicable to only Cars 
} 

public class Motorcycle extends Vehicle { 
  // Unique attributes and methods applicable to only Motorcycles 
}

public class Bicycle extends Vehicle { 
  // Unique attributes and methods applicable to only Bicycles 
} 

The Vehicle class here defines methods and attributes that will be common to all types of vehicles, while the Car, Motorcycle and Bicycle subclasses each create specific implementations of those attributes and methods.

You can read more about Polymorphism here: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/polymorphism-in-java/