Learn how to add a new property to an existing object in JavaScript using dot notation and bracket notation.
how do i add a new property to an existing object in javascript?
To add a new property to an existing object in JavaScript, you can use either dot notation or bracket notation.
Here's how you can use dot notation:
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// Existing object
var person = {
name: "John",
age: 30
};
// Adding a new property using dot notation
person.city = "New York";
console.log(person);
// Output: { name: "John", age: 30, city: "New York" }
And here's how you can use bracket notation:
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// Existing object
var person = {
name: "John",
age: 30
};
// Adding a new property using bracket notation
person["city"] = "New York";
console.log(person);
// Output: { name: "John", age: 30, city: "New York" }
In both cases, you specify the object name followed by a dot or within brackets and then provide the new property name and value. Make sure to assign a value to the new property to complete the addition.
how to use trim in js
In JavaScript, the trim()
method is used to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. This is useful when you want to clean up user input.
Here's how you can use it:
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let myString = " Hello, World! ";
let trimmedString = myString.trim();
console.log(trimmedString); // "Hello, World!"
In this example, trim()
removes the spaces before "Hello," and after "World!" and gives us a clean string.
You can find more information about string methods in JavaScript here.
What is const
const
is a keyword in JavaScript that is used to declare a variable whose value cannot be changed (or reassigned) after it is defined. It stands for "constant". This means that once you set a value to a variable using const
, you cannot change that value later in the code.
Here's a simple example:
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const pi = 3.14;
console.log(pi); // Outputs: 3.14
// This line would cause an error because you cannot reassign a constant variable
// pi = 3.14159; // Uncaught TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
For more information, you can check the MDN Web Docs on const.
Math functions in js
In JavaScript, you can use built-in math functions to perform various mathematical operations. Here are some common ones:
Math.abs() - Returns the absolute value of a number.
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console.log(Math.abs(-5)); // Output: 5
Math.round() - Rounds a number to the nearest integer.
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console.log(Math.round(4.7)); // Output: 5
Math.max() - Returns the largest of the numbers given as arguments.
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console.log(Math.max(1, 2, 3, 4)); // Output: 4
Math.min() - Returns the smallest of the numbers given as arguments.
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console.log(Math.min(1, 2, 3, 4)); // Output: 1
Math.sqrt() - Returns the square root of a number.
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console.log(Math.sqrt(16)); // Output: 4
Math.random() - Returns a floating-point, pseudorandom number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
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console.log(Math.random()); // Output: A random number between 0 and 1
You can check the MDN Web Docs - Math for more information and additional math functions available in JavaScript.
what does setInterval(() mean?
setInterval()
is a function in JavaScript that allows you to repeatedly execute a piece of code at a specified time interval. It takes two arguments: the first is a function to run, and the second is the time in milliseconds between each execution.
Here’s a simple example:
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let count = 0;
const intervalId = setInterval(() => {
count++;
console.log(count); // This will log the number every second
}, 1000); // Executes every 1000 milliseconds (1 second)
In this example, the number will increase by one every second and be logged to the console. To stop the interval, you can use clearInterval(intervalId);
where intervalId
is the identifier returned by setInterval()
.
For more information, you can refer to the MDN web docs on setInterval.
Explain how == and === are different in JavaScript.
In JavaScript, ==
and ===
are both comparison operators, but they work differently:
==
is the equality operator. It checks if two values are equal, but it performs type conversion if the values are of different types. For example:javascript Copy code
console.log(5 == '5'); // true, because '5' is converted to a number
===
is the strict equality operator. It checks if two values are equal and of the same type. No type conversion occurs. For example:javascript Copy code
console.log(5 === '5'); // false, because the types are different (number vs string)
In summary, use ==
when you want to check for equality regardless of type, and use ===
when you want to check for equality and ensure the types match. It is generally recommended to use ===
to avoid unexpected results due to type conversion.
what is Node.js
Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform runtime environment that allows you to run JavaScript code on the server side. This means you can build server applications using JavaScript, which is traditionally a client-side language.
Here's a simple example of a Node.js server:
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const http = require('http');
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
res.statusCode = 200;
res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
res.end('Hello, World!\n');
});
const PORT = 3000;
server.listen(PORT, () => {
console.log(`Server running at http://localhost:${PORT}/`);
});
In this code, we create a basic web server that responds with "Hello, World!" when accessed. You can run this code using Node.js to see it in action. For more information, you can visit the Node.js website.
how to get milliseconds in javascript
To get the current time in milliseconds in JavaScript, you can use the Date.now()
method or the getTime()
method of a Date
object. Both will give you the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC.
Here’s how to do it using both methods:
Using Date.now()
:
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let currentMilliseconds = Date.now();
console.log(currentMilliseconds);
Using new Date()
and getTime()
:
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let currentMilliseconds = new Date().getTime();
console.log(currentMilliseconds);
Both of these will output the current time in milliseconds. You can try running these in your browser's console.
how does return in JS work
In JavaScript, the return
statement is used to stop the execution of a function and send a value back to where the function was called. When a function executes a return
statement, it exits right away, and any code after that return
is not executed.
Here's a simple example:
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function add(a, b) {
return a + b; // This will return the sum of a and b
}
let result = add(3, 4); // Calling the function with 3 and 4
console.log(result); // This will print 7
In this example, the function add
takes two parameters a
and b
, and it returns their sum. When we call add(3, 4)
, it computes 3 + 4
, returns 7
, and we store that value in result
, which we then print to the console.
You can learn more about functions in MDN Web Docs.
what is the difference between let, var and const
In JavaScript, let
, var
, and const
are used to declare variables, but they have some important differences:
var
: This is the old way of declaring variables. Variables declared with var
are function-scoped, meaning they are only accessible within the function they were declared in. If declared outside a function, they become global. var
can also be re-declared and updated.javascript Copy code
var x = 10;
x = 20; // Allowed
var x = 30; // Allowed
let
: This is a newer way to declare variables. Variables declared with let
are block-scoped, meaning they are only accessible within the block {}
they were declared in. They can be updated but not re-declared in the same block.javascript Copy code
let y = 10;
y = 20; // Allowed
// let y = 30; // Not allowed in the same block
const
: This is used for constants. Variables declared with const
are also block-scoped and cannot be updated or re-declared. However, if the constant is an object or array, its properties or elements can still be changed.javascript Copy code
const z = 10;
// z = 20; // Not allowed
const arr = [1, 2, 3];
arr.push(4); // Allowed, we can modify the array
In summary:
var
for function-scoped variables.let
for block-scoped variables that can change.const
for block-scoped variables that won't change.how to create a function javascript
To create a function in JavaScript, you can use the following simple syntax:
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function functionName(parameters) {
// Code to be executed
}
Here's an example of a function that adds two numbers:
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function addNumbers(a, b) {
return a + b;
}
// To call the function and see the result:
console.log(addNumbers(3, 4)); // This will output 7
In this example, addNumbers
is the name of the function, and it takes two parameters, a
and b
. When you call the function with two numbers, it will return their sum.
You can find more information about functions in JavaScript here.
what does === mean in javascript
In JavaScript, ===
is a strict equality operator. It checks if two values are equal and also ensures they are of the same type. For example:
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let a = 5;
let b = '5';
console.log(a === b); // This will return false because one is a number and the other is a string.
console.log(a === 5); // This will return true because both are the same value and type.
So, ===
is useful when you want to avoid unexpected results from type coercion. You can read more about it here.
what is split() in javascript?
The split()
method in JavaScript is used to split a string into an array of substrings, based on a specified separator.
Here's a simple example:
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let text = "Hello,World,How,Are,You";
let result = text.split(",");
console.log(result); // Output: ["Hello", "World", "How", "Are", "You"]
In this example, we use split(",")
to divide the string text
at each comma, resulting in an array of words.
You can also use it without a separator:
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let word = "Hello";
let letters = word.split("");
console.log(letters); // Output: ["H", "e", "l", "l", "o"]
In this case, split("")
splits the string into individual characters.
You can read more about it in the JavaScript documentation.
what Object.values() does in javascript?
The Object.values()
method in JavaScript is used to retrieve an array of a given object's own enumerable property values. This means that it will collect all the values from an object and put them into an array format.
Here's a simple example:
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const person = {
name: 'Alice',
age: 25,
job: 'Engineer'
};
const values = Object.values(person);
console.log(values);
In this example, Object.values(person)
will return ['Alice', 25, 'Engineer']
, which is an array containing all the values from the person
object.
For more details, you can check the documentation here: MDN Web Docs - Object.values()
What does .length mean in javascript
In JavaScript, .length
is a property that gives you the number of items in an array or the number of characters in a string.
For example:
javascriptCopy code// For an array let fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']; console.log(fruits.length); // Output: 3 // For a string let message = 'Hello, world!'; console.log(message.length); // Output: 13
In these examples, .length
helps you find out how many elements are in the array or how many characters are in the string.
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