In web development, padding refers to the space between an element's content and its border. Padding can be specified using CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and is often used to create a visual buffer between an element's content and its border. Padding values can be specified using different units of measurement such as pixels, ems or percentages.

Here's an example in CSS:

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div {
  padding: 20px; /* sets equal padding on all sides of the element */
}

This would add 20 pixels of padding to all sides of the div element, creating space between the element's content and its border.

To make a box responsive, you can use CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) to specify its dimensions in relative units such as percentages or em, instead of fixed units such as pixels. This way, the box will adjust its size based on the screen size of the device it is viewed on. Here's an example of how to make a div box responsive using CSS:

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.box {
  width: 80%; /* set the width of the box to 80% of its parent container */
  padding-bottom: 80%; /* set the height of the box to be the same as its width */
  background-color: blue;
}

In this example, the box will adjust its width and height based on the size of the parent container. The padding-bottom property is used to specify the height of the box, which is set to be the same as the width using the percentage value. Using the same percentage for the width and height will make the box a square. You can adjust these percentage values to fit your specific needs.

Here's a link to a Codepen with the example above: https://codepen.io/shecodes/pen/rNKObeO

The background-position property sets the starting position of a background image. It can take up to two values which represent the horizontal and vertical positions respectively. The background-position values can be either pixels (px), percentages (%) or pre-defined keywords like top, bottom, center, left, right.

For example, to set the background image position to be centered horizontally and aligned to the top vertically, you would use:

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background-position: center top;

You can read more about the usage of background-position on MDN web docs.

To avoid horizontal scrolling on smaller devices in your home page, you can implement responsive design techniques such as setting the viewport width to the device's width, using media queries to adjust the layout based on screen size, and using flexible units like percentages for width and max-width values.

Here's an example CSS code snippet that sets the viewport width and applies a max-width value to the body element, which helps to prevent the content from overflowing on smaller screens:

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/* Set the viewport width to the device width */
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

/* Apply a max-width to the body element */
body {
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

By setting the max-width value to 100%, the body element will be constrained to the width of the viewport, and the "overflow-x" property set to "hidden" will prevent scrolling horizontally. This will ensure that your home page looks good and is easily accessible on smaller devices.

In CSS, margin is a property that defines the space outside an element's border. It creates the space between adjacent elements on a webpage. You can set the margin on all four sides using the shorthand property margin or individually using margin-top, margin-right, margin-bottom, and margin-left. The value can be set in pixels, ems, rems or percentages.

Here is an example of setting a 20-pixel margin on all sides of an element using CSS:

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.element {
  margin: 20px;
}