The else statement is used in conditional statements to specify a block of code to be executed if the condition is false. Here is an example in JavaScript:

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let x = 5;

if (x > 10) {
  console.log("x is greater than 10");
} else {
  console.log("x is less than or equal to 10");
}

In the example above, the condition x > 10 is false because x is 5. Therefore, the code inside the else block will be executed, and it will print "x is less than or equal to 10" to the console.

The else statement is often used together with the if statement to create if-else blocks to handle different scenarios based on the condition.

In JavaScript, an if statement is a conditional statement that allows you to execute certain code blocks based on a condition. It evaluates an expression, and if the expression is true, it executes a specified block of code.

Here's an example of an if statement in JavaScript:

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let num = 10;

if (num > 0) {
  console.log("The number is positive");
}

In this example, the if statement checks if the value of the num variable is greater than 0. If it is, the code within the curly braces will execute, and it will log "The number is positive" to the console.

If the condition in an if statement is not true, the code inside the if statement will not be executed. You can also add an optional else keyword to specify a block of code that should run if the condition is false.

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let num = -5;

if (num > 0) {
  console.log("The number is positive");
} else {
  console.log("The number is not positive");
}

In this example, because -5 is not greater than 0, the code inside the else block will execute and it will log "The number is not positive" to the console.

In most programming languages (including JavaScript), !== means "not equal to" or "strict inequality". It's used in conditional statements and comparisons to check if two values are not equal both in value and data type.

For example:

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if (num1 !== num2) {
  console.log("num1 and num2 are not equal");
}

This will print the statement "num1 and num2 are not equal" only if num1 and num2 have different values or data types.

To use another state to record when your application is loading data from the API, you can create a boolean isLoading state in your component. Whenever you initiate the API request, you can set isLoading to true, and when the API request finishes, you can set it to false.

You can display a loading message whenever the isLoading state is true using a conditional statement. Here's an example code snippet in React:

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import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function MyComponent() {
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false);
  const [data, setData] = useState([]);

  useEffect(() => {
    setIsLoading(true);
    fetch('https://api.example.com/data')
      .then(response => response.json())
      .then(data => {
        setData(data);
        setIsLoading(false);
      });
  }, []);

  return (
    <div>
      {isLoading ? <p>Loading...</p> : null}
      {/* Render the fetched data here */}
    </div>
  );
}

In this example, we create a isLoading state using the useState hook and initialize it to false. In the useEffect hook, we initiate the API request and set isLoading to true before the fetch. Once the API request is complete, we set isLoading back to false.

In the return statement, we check if isLoading is true, and if so, we display a loading message. If isLoading is false, we continue to render the fetched data.

This is a JavaScript conditional statement that checks if the variable firstName is not empty. If it is not empty, it will execute the code inside the block, otherwise it will skip it.

For example:

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let firstName = "John";
if (firstName !== "") {
  console.log(`Hello, ${firstName}`);
}

// Output: Hello, John

The conditional operator < and > can be used in JavaScript for comparison. For example:

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var x = 10;
if (x > 5) {
  alert("x is greater than 5");
}

if (x < 20) {
  alert("x is less than 20");
}

The code is written in JavaScript and makes use of DOM-related functions, such as document.querySelector to access and manipulate elements of the DOM.

The search() function is being triggered when the user submits the form, indicated by the event listener form.addEventListener set to submit. The purpose of the function is to take the value from the input with the id="city-input" and store it. The event.preventDefault() is then used to actually prevent the form from submitting, since we want to manage the input with JavaScript logic first.

When the value is stored, a conditional is used to check whether the input is empty or not. If it is empty, an alert of the value will be triggered. Otherwise, the innerHTML of h5 is changed to the value of the input.

This is how the code works overall.

For more information on how events work in JavaScript, you can refer to this link.

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function travel() {
    let name = prompt("What is your name?");
    let email = prompt("What is your email?");
    let travel = prompt("Do you enjoy traveling?");

    if (travel === "yes") {
        alert("Thank you " + name + "! I'll be in touch via email 😁");
    }
    else if (travel !== "yes") 
        alert("Thank you " + name + "! We won't bother you with emails at the moment, but if you change your mind, let us know!");
}