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The Grand Canyon (Hopi: Ongtupqa,[2] Yavapai: Wi:ka始i:la, Navajo: Bid谩谩始
Ha始azt始i始 Ts茅kooh,[3][4] Spanish: Gran Ca帽贸n) is a steep-sided canyon
carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon
is 277 miles (446 km) long, up to 18 miles (29 km) wide and attains a
depth of over a mile (6,093 feet or 1,857 meters).[5] The canyon and
adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon National Park, the Kaibab
National Forest, Grand Canyon鈥揚arashant National Monument, the Hualapai
Indian Reservation, the Havasupai Indian Reservation and the Navajo
Nation. President Theodore Roosevelt was a major proponent of preservation
of the Grand Canyon area and visited it on numerous occasions to hunt and
enjoy the scenery. Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history
have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their
channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was
uplifted.[6] While some aspects about the history of incision of the
canyon are debated by geologists,[7] several recent studies support the
hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area
about 5 to 6 million years ago.[1][8][9] Since that time, the Colorado
River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the
cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon. For thousands of
years, the area has been continuously inhabited by Native Americans, who
built settlements within the canyon and its many caves. The Pueblo people
considered the Grand Canyon a holy site, and made pilgrimages to it.[10]
The first European known to have viewed the Grand Canyon was Garc铆a L贸pez
de C谩rdenas from Spain, who arrived in 1540.[11]
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