On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a major
escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014. The invasion
caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II, with more
than 8 million Ukrainians fleeing the country and a third of the
population displaced. The invasion also caused global food shortages.
The invasion began on the morning of 24 February, when Putin announced a
"special military operation" to "demilitarise and denazify"
Ukraine. Russian attacks were initially launched on a northern front
from Belarus towards Kyiv, a north-eastern front towards Kharkiv, a
southern front from Crimea, and a south-eastern front from Luhansk and
Donetsk. During March, the Russian advance towards Kyiv stalled. Amidst
heavy losses and strong Ukrainian resistance, Russian troops retreated
from Kyiv Oblast by 3 April. On 19 April, Russia launched a renewed
attack on Donbas, with simultaneous missile attacks directed at Kyiv in
the north and Lviv in western Ukraine.