Top-rope climbing, or commonly referred to as
top-roping, is a form of rock climbing where the rope is
threaded through an anchor at the top of a route. The climber is
supported by this rope that is running up and down a rock face or
climbing wall. One end of the rope is tied into the climber's harness
and the other end of the rope is controlled by the belayer standing on
the ground beneath the climber. The belayer controls the rope using a
belay-device attached to their harness. They make sure the climber stays
safe and doesn't fall to the ground.
Check out this diagram below to see how a top-rope system is set up!
Top-roping most often occurs in an indoor climbing gym, however, climbers can top-rope outdoors as well by building an anchor using a tree, rock, or bolts previously placed.