Lithops is a genus of succulent plants in the ice plant
family, Aizoaceae. Members of the genus are native to
Lithops are popular house plants and many specialist
succulent growers maintain collections. Seeds and plants are widely
available in shops and over the Internet. They are relatively easy to
grow and care for if given sufficient sun and kept in well-draining
soil.
Normal treatment in mild temperate climates is to keep them completely
dry during winter, watering only when the old leaves have dried up and
are replaced by a new leaf pair. Watering continues through autumn,
when the plants flower, and then stops for winter. The best results
are obtained in an environment with additional heat such as a
greenhouse. In hotter climates, Lithops will have a summer
dormancy when they should be kept mostly dry, and they may require
some water in winter. In tropical climates, Lithops can be
grown primarily in winter with a long summer dormancy. In all
conditions, Lithops will be most active and need most water
during autumn and each species will flower at approximately the same
time.
Lithops thrive best in a coarse, well-drained
substrate. Any soil that retains too much water will cause the plants
to burst their skins as they over-expand. Plants grown in strong light
will develop hard strongly coloured skins which are resistant to
damage and rot, although persistent overwatering will still be fatal.
Excessive heat will kill potted plants as they cannot cool themselves
by transpiration and rely on staying buried in cool soil below the
surface. Commercial growers mix a mild fungicide or weak strength
horticultural sulfur into the plant's water to prevent rotting.
Lithops are sensitive to watering during hot weather, which
can cause the plants to rot; in habitat the plants are often dormant
when the temperatures are high, doing most of their growing during the
cool months of the year. Low light levels will make the plants highly
susceptible to rotting and fungal infection.
Propagation of Lithops is by seed or cuttings. Cuttings
can only be used to produce new plants after a plant has naturally
divided to form multiple heads, so most propagation is by seed.
Lithops can readily be pollinated by hand if two separate
clones of a species flower at the same time, and seed will be ripe
about 9 months later. Seed is easy to germinate, but the seedlings are
small and vulnerable for the first year or two, and will not flower
until at least two or three years old.
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