The Psychology of Memory
The Multi-Store Model
The multi-store model is an explanation of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin which assumes there are three unitary (separate) memory stores, and that information is transferred between these stores in a linear sequence.
Short Term Memory
Duration: 0-18 seconds |
Cap name: 7 +/- 2 items |
Encoding: Mainly auditory
The STM store has a duration of up to 30 seconds, has a cap name of
7+/-2 chunks and mainly encodes information acoustically. Information is
lost through displacement or decay. Maintenance rehearsal is the process
of verbally or mentally repeating information, which allows the duration
of short-term memory to be extended beyond 30 seconds. An example of
maintenance rehearsal would be remembering a phone number only long
enough to make the phone call. This type of rehearsal usually involves
repeating information without thinking about its meaning or connecting
it to other information. Continual rehearsal “regenerates” or “renews”
the information in the memory trace, thus making it a stronger memory
when transferred to the Long Term store. If maintenance rehearsal
(repetition) does not occur, then information is forgotten, and lost
from short term memory through the processes of displacement or decay.
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