Chocolate is a food product made from roasted and ground
cacao pods, that is available as a liquid, solid or
paste, on its own or as a flavoring agent in other foods. Cacao has been
consumed in some form since at least the Olmec civilization (19th-11th
century BCE), and the majority of Mesoamerican people - including the
Maya and Aztecs - made chocolate beverages.
Dark chocolate is produced by adding fat and sugar to
the cocoa mixture. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration calls this
"sweet chocolate", and requires a 15% concentration of chocolate liquor.
European rules specify a minimum of 35% cocoa solids. A higher amount of
cocoa solids indicates more bitterness. Semisweet chocolate is dark
chocolate with low sugar content. Bittersweet chocolate is chocolate
liquor to which some sugar (typically a third), more cocoa butter and
vanilla are added.