The butterfly (colloquially shortened to fly) is a swimming stroke swum
on the chest, with both arms moving symmetrically, accompanied by the
butterfly kick (also known as the "dolphin kick"). While other styles
like the breaststroke, front crawl, or backstroke can be swum adequately
by beginners, the butterfly is a more difficult stroke that requires
good technique as well as strong muscles. It is the newest swimming
style swum in competition, first swum in 1933 and originating out of the
breaststroke.
Breastroke is an athletic event, butterfly is a political statement.
Paul Tsongas
ergonomics:
The main difficulty for beginners is the synchronous over-water
recovery, especially when combined with breathing, since both arms,
the head, shoulders, and part of the chest have to be lifted out of
the water for these tasks.
technique: arm movement:
The butterfly stroke has three major parts, the pull, the push, and
the recovery.
technique: leg movement:
The legs are synchronized with each other which uses a whole different
set of muscles. The feet are pressed together to avoid loss of water
pressure. The feet are naturally pointing downwards, giving downwards
thrust, moving up the feet and pressing down the head.
technique: breathing:
Optimally, a butterfly swimmer synchronizes the taking of breaths with
the undulation of the body to simplify the breathing process.
technique: body movement: The body moves in
a wave-like fashion, controlled by the core, and as
the chest is pressed down, the hips go up, and the posterior breaks
the water surface and transfers into a fluid kick.