Bread scoring is a classic baking technique. It's the art and craft of a
slashing a dough with a sharp blade (typically using a tool called a lame)
before placing it in the oven, directing how it will expand and crack in
its final form.
It also happens to be a method that, with a little finesse and creativity,
can produce some beautiful and artful loaves. With a blade in hand and a
shaped round dough in front of them, bakers have an unexpected blank
canvas ahead of them. Dusted with flour and crisp of crust, photos of
finished loaves - often sourdough - are nothing short of eye candy for
carb lovers.
Why score bread?
Historically:
In the days of yore, when people lived in villages and only had access to community ovens, families would mark or 'sign' their loaves with their scoring patterns so they could identify their bread at the end of the communal bake.
Practical/Artisanal:
Scoring bread with decorative cuts serves an important purpose: it guides a loaf to rise in a consistent, controlled and optimal manner. Bread can now properly expand in the oven without tearing the crust and also allows the release of moisture and carbon dioxide to escape from the loaf.
Proper scoring also allows the baker to control the bloom. This significantly improved the appearance of baked loaves.