There is many types of puzzles
My favorite is sudoku
Sudoku is a logic-based,combinatorial number-placement puzzle. In
classic Sudoku, the objective is to fill a 9 × 9 grid with digits so
that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3 × 3 subgrids that
compose the grid contains all of the digits from 1 to 9. The puzzle
setter provides a partially completed grid, which for a well-posed
puzzle has a single solution.
Learn more on Wikipedia