Bonsai is the Japanese art of cultivating miniature trees in small containers, carefully shaping them to resemble full-sized trees found in nature. This practice, which originated from ancient Chinese horticulture (penjing), requires patience and precision through techniques like pruning, wiring, and root trimming to control growth and aesthetics. More than just gardening, bonsai embodies a deep connection to nature, reflecting principles of harmony, balance, and the beauty of imperfection (wabi-sabi). Common species used include juniper, maple, pine, and ficus, with each tree requiring meticulous care in watering, light exposure, and seasonal maintenance to thrive in its miniature form.