ÑANDUTÍ
Traditional Paraguayan Lace
Ñandutí is a
traditional Paraguayan embroidered lace. The name means “spider web” in
Guaraní, the official, indigenous language of Paraguay.
The lace is worked on fabric which is stretched tightly in a frame. The
pattern is drawn on the fabric and the threads, which go to-and-fro
across the circular motif and are either taken through running stitches
worked along the pattern lines or stitched directly through the fabric.
When finished, the motifs are released by either cutting the running
stitches or cutting away the backing fabric. While single motifs can be
worked like this, it is more usual to work the whole item as one piece –
the pattern for the complete mat or collar is drawn on the fabric and
the wheels are linked together as the radial threads are laid down.
Materials for Ñandutí
- Cotton Thread: High-quality cotton thread is commonly used, as it provides the necessary strength and durability. The thread is usually fine, similar to embroidery floss.
- Silk or Rayon Thread: For a more delicate and shiny finish, silk or rayon threads can also be used.
- Embroidery Needles: These needles are typically thin with a sharp point and a small eye, suitable for working with fine threads.
- Tapestry Needles: These have a blunt tip and a larger eye, used for finishing and working on thicker parts of the design.
- Wooden Embroidery Hoop: This keeps the fabric taut while you work, helping to maintain even tension and precise stitches.
- Custom Ñandutí Frame: Traditional ñandutí makers often use a custom wooden frame designed specifically for this craft, allowing for more intricate designs.
- Fine Cotton Fabric: A lightweight, fine cotton fabric serves as the base for the lace. The fabric is stretched over the frame and forms the background for the design.
- Sheer Fabric: In some cases, sheer fabric like organza or tulle is used as a base to enhance the lace’s transparency.
Basic Steps to Make Ñandutí
- Set up the Frame: Stretch the base fabric tightly over the embroidery hoop or custom frame.
- Transfer the Design: Place the paper template under the fabric or trace the design directly onto the fabric.
- Begin Stitching: Use the selected thread and needle to start weaving the design, following the pattern.
- Finish and Cut: Once the lace is complete, carefully remove it from the frame, trim the edges, and optionally stiffen it with starch or glue.