The piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when pressed on
the keys. Most modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys: 52
white keys for the notes of the C major scale (C, D, E, F, G, A, and B)
and 36 shorter black keys raised above the white keys and set further
back, for sharps and flats. This means that the piano can play 88
different pitches (or "notes"), spanning a range of a bit over seven
octaves. The black keys are for the "accidentals" (F♯/G♭, G♯/A♭, A♯/B♭,
C♯/D♭, and D♯/E♭), which are needed to play in all twelve keys. There
are two main types of piano: the grand piano and the upright piano. The
grand piano offers better sound and more precise key control, making it
the preferred choice when space and budget allow. The grand piano is
also considered a necessity in venues hosting skilled pianists. The
upright piano is more commonly used due to its smaller size and lower
cost.
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