Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other
animals to move rapidly on foot. Running is a type of gait characterized
by an aerial phase in which all feet are above the ground (though there
are exceptions).[1] This is in contrast to walking, where one foot is
always in contact with the ground, the legs are kept mostly straight and
the center of gravity vaults over the stance leg or legs in an inverted
pendulum fashion.[2] A feature of a running body from the viewpoint of
spring-mass mechanics is that changes in kinetic and potential energy
within a stride co-occur, with energy storage accomplished by springy
tendons and passive muscle elasticity.[3] The term running can refer to
any of a variety of speeds ranging from jogging to sprinting. Running in
humans is associated with improved health and life expectancy.[4] It is
hypothesized that the ancestors of humankind developed the ability to
run for long distances about 2.6 million years ago, probably to hunt
animals.[5][6] Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in
various areas. Records of competitive racing date back to the Tailteann
Games in Ireland between 632 BCE and 1171 BCE,[7][8][9] while the first
recorded Olympic Games took place in 776 BCE. Running has been described
as the world's most accessible sport.[10]
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