Mahsa Amini, also Jina Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish Iranian woman, was
arrested by the Guidance Patrol on September 2022 because of an
"improper hijab." The police were accused of beating her and inflicting
a fatal head injury,after a CT scan confirmed that Amini had sustained
head injuries, a claim denied by Tehran police.She was pronounced dead
on 16 September.
Protests started at Mahsa Amini's funeral in
Sanandaj, Kurdistan province,
where 100s people reportedly gathered in defiance of official warnings
and were fired upon when they shouted anti-regime slogans.Protests
spread to the provincial capital.
Internet service and then mobile phone service were shut down, and the
head of the Guidance Patrol was allegedly suspended.By 20 September
there were unconfirmed social media videos showed anti-government
protests in at least 16 of Iran's 31 provinces, and state media reported
that three people had been killed in Kurdistan protests.
Two weeks
after the funeral, forty civilian were killed and many wounded in
Zahedan in Sistan and Baluchestan province following
Friday prayers,
after protests sparked by reports about a police chief who had raped a
15-year-old girl in Chahbahar.
A Mahsa Amini hashtag gained 52 million tweets.
By early December 2022,
a "vague" statement made by the attorney general was interpreted by some
in the Western press to mean that the hijab law was under review and
that the Guidance Patrol might be disbanded, (a report later attacked as
a "diversion tactic" by the regime). By February 2023, the regime stated
it had arrested tens of thousands of protesters.