Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored,
bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans,
primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the
world market for hot drinks.[2] The seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are
separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted
and then ground into fine particles typically steeped in hot water before
being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot,
although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and
presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte,
or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and
cream are often added to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.
Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied
closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible
evidence of coffee drinking as the modern beverage appears in modern-day
Yemen in southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century in Sufi
shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner
similar to how it is now prepared for drinking.[3] The coffee beans were
procured by the Yemenis from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali
intermediaries, and cultivated in Yemen. By the 16th century, the drink
had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading
to Europe. The two most commonly grown coffee bean types are C. arabica
and C. robusta.[4] Coffee plants are cultivated in over 70 countries,
primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the
Indian subcontinent, and Africa. As of 2018, Brazil was the leading grower
of coffee beans, producing 35% of the world's total. Green, unroasted
coffee is traded as an agricultural commodity. Despite sales of coffee
reaching billions of dollars worldwide, farmers producing coffee beans
disproportionately live in poverty. Critics of the coffee industry have
also pointed to its negative impact on the environment and the clearing of
land for coffee-growing and water use.
Reference
Wikipedia
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