The Pomeranian (often known as a Pom) is a
breed of dog of the Spitz type that is named for the Pomerania region in
north-west Poland and north-east Germany in Central Europe. Classed as a
toy dog breed because of its small size, the Pomeranian is descended
from larger Spitz-type dogs, specifically the German Spitz.
The breed has been made popular by a number of royal owners since the
18th century. Queen Victoria owned a
particularly small Pomeranian and consequently, the smaller variety
became universally popular. During Queen Victoria's lifetime alone, the
size of the breed decreased by half. Overall, the Pomeranian is a
sturdy, healthy dog. The most common health issues are luxating patella
and tracheal collapse. More rarely, the breed can have Alopecia X, a
skin condition colloquially known as "black skin disease". This is a
genetic disease which causes the dog's skin to turn black and lose all
or most of its hair. As of 2017, in terms of registration figures, since
at least 1998, the breed has ranked among the top fifty most popular
breeds in the United States, and the current fashion for small dogs has
increased their popularity worldwide.