Cooking, cookery, or culinary arts is the art, science and craft of using heat to improve the palatability,
digestibility, nutrition, or safety of food. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely, from grilling
food
over
an
open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting local conditions.
Types of cooking also depend on the skill levels and training of the cooks. Cooking is done both by people in
their
own
dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments.
Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans. Archeological evidence of cooking fires from
at
least
300,000 years ago exists, but some estimate that humans started cooking up to 2 million years ago.
The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade, and transportation between civilizations in different regions
offered
cooks many new ingredients. New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and
boiling of
water, expanded cooking techniques. Some modern cooks apply advanced scientific techniques to food preparation
to
further enhance the flavor of the dish served.