A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel,
precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply
gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in
cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.
However, certain rocks (such as
lapis lazuli, opal, and obsidian) and
occasionally organic materials that are not minerals (such as amber,
jet, and pearl) are also used for jewelry and are therefore often
considered to be gemstones as well. Most gemstones are
hard, but some soft minerals are used in jewelry
because of their luster or other physical properties that have aesthetic
value. Rarity and notoriety are other characteristics that lend value to
gemstones.
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