3D printing or additive manufacturing is the
construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD model or a digital
3D model. It can be done in a variety of processes in which material is
deposited, joined or solidified under computer control, with material
being added together (such as plastics, liquids or powder grains being
fused), typically layer by layer.
In the 1980s, 3D printing techniques were considered suitable only for
the production of functional or aesthetic prototypes, and a more
appropriate term for it at the time was rapid prototyping. As of 2019,
the precision, repeatability, and material range of 3D printing have
increased to the point that some 3D printing processes are considered
viable as an industrial-production technology, whereby the term additive
manufacturing can be used synonymously with 3D printing. One of the key
advantages of 3D printing is the ability to produce very complex shapes
or geometries that would be otherwise infeasible to construct by hand,
including hollow parts or parts with internal truss structures to reduce
weight. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), which uses a continuous
filament of a thermoplastic material, is the most common 3D printing
process in use as of 2020.
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