Acoustic guitars are, of course, named for the fact that they create and
project sound acoustically. That means there’s no need for additional
amplification (that said, the option to have acoustic guitars still
exists, it’s just not necessary).
Pros to Learning on an Acoustic Guitar
Eliminates need for any addition expenses, such as amplifiers, cables,
etc.
A little easier to transition to electric guitar.
Acoustic guitar sound is natural and soothing compared to an electric
guitar.
Cons to Learning on an Acoustic Guitar
Acoustic guitar strings are thicker, making it harder for beginners
when it comes to fingering and picking techniques.
Acoustic guitars have larger gauged strings and have a tendeny to
create more buzzing.
Acoustic guitars have wider fretboards. Not exactly beginner friendly.
Electric Guitar
As one might expect, electric guitars are named as such because they
need electricity and amplification to create sound. Basically,
electromagnetic pickups are used to literally “pick up” string
vibrations and translate them into electrical signals that are then sent
to the amplifier to produce sound.
Pros to Learning Electric Guitar
Electric guitars have smaller bodies, thinner necks, and lighter gauge
strings,making them physically easier to play.
Most amplifiers have a headphone jack, allowing for near silent
practicing.
Many effects are available for electric guitars, keeping things fresh.
Cons to Learning Electric Guitar
Electric guitars tend to cost more. Extra equipment is needed. Such as
amplifiers, cables, etc.
It can be difficult to find a good tone on the electric guitar.
Most beginners who start on an acoustic can pick up electric with
little difficulty, the opposite is not always true.