Sport of climbing 🧗🏼♀️
Sport climbing (or Bolted climbing), is a form of rock
climbing that relies on permanent anchors (or bolts), permanently
fixed into the rock for climber protection, in which a rope that is
attached to the climber is clipped into the anchors to arrest a fall;
it can also involve climbing short distances with a crash pad
underneath as protection. This is in contrast to traditional climbing
where climbers must place removable protection as they climb. Sport
climbing usually involves lead climbing and toproping techniques, but
free solo and deep-water solo (i.e. no protection) climbing on sport
routes is also sometimes possible.
Since sport climbing
routes do not need to follow traditional climbing route lines where
protection can be placed into natural features (e.g. cracks), they
tend to follow more direct lines up crags. This aspect, in addition to
the lack of any need to install protection during the climb (e.g. the
sport climber just clips into pre-installed bolts along the climb),
results in different styles of climbing between sport rock climbing
and traditional rock climbing.
Sport climbing made its
Olympic debut at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, and was
previously tested at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics.
Sport of athletics 🏃🏼♀️
Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves
competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking.[1] The most
common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road
running, cross country running, and racewalking.
The
results of racing events are decided by finishing position (or time,
where measured), while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete
that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of
attempts. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need
for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most common types
of sports in the world. Athletics is mostly an individual sport, with
the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes'
performances for a team score, such as cross country.
Organized
athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC.
The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in
Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century,
and were then spread to other parts of the world. Most modern top
level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics, the
global governing body for the sport of athletics, or its member
continental and national federations.