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Bouldering is a form of free climbing that is performed
on small rock formations or artificial rock walls without the use of
ropes or harnesses. While bouldering can be done without any equipment,
most climbers use climbing shoes to help secure footholds, chalk to keep
their hands dry and to provide a firmer grip, and bouldering mats to
prevent injuries from falls. Unlike free solo climbing, which is also
performed without ropes, bouldering problems (the sequence of moves that
a climber performs to complete the climb) are usually less than six
metres (20 ft) tall.
Traverses, which are a form of boulder problem, require the climber to
climb horizontally from one end to another.[1] Artificial climbing walls
allow boulderers to climb indoors in areas without natural boulders. In
addition, bouldering competitions take place in both indoor and outdoor
settings.